I’m not a chemist but I wouldn’t be surprised if the next Nobel-prize in Chemistry would go to Hungarian-born Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman of the United States. I had a chance to talk to several scientists who know a lot more about this subject than I do and they were all excited.
Hungarians are somewhat fixated on the Nobel-prize. The government has even printed glossy promotional materials bragging about the high number of Nobel-prize winners. Yet it is rarely mentioned that many of them had little to do with Hungary and didn’t even speak the language. A Hungarian professor, Mr. István Hargittai wrote a fascinating book entitled, The Road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists about the prize selection process and “the ingredients for scientific discovery and for getting recognition.” It is a highly recommended “handbook” on how to get a Nobel-prize. (more here)
I suspect that Katalin Karikó has what it takes. She has endured a series of research setbacks, health issues and rejection in her career but her lifelong insistence that mRNA technology can work finally prevailed. Karikó’s alma mater is the University of Szeged where the fabulous and eccentric Albert Szent-Györgyi received his Nobel-prize in 1937 for isolating Vitamin C.
One of the most promising coronavirus vaccines is now ready for distribution. It has been developed by US drug-giant Pfizer and the German biotech firm, BioNTech. The vaccine has received authorization from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for emergency use and 2.9 million doses are already available in the US.
The vaccine is based on a technology called mRNA or messengerRNA. RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid.
Synthetic mRNA is placed as a “messenger” in cells to direct the right protein production throughout the body. It is basically teaching the immune system to provide protection against new “invaders.” The idea is not new; it was known before but researchers couldn’t tweak the mRNA without serious side effects.
In 1990 specialists at the University of Wisconsin attempted to make it work in mice. It turned out that synthetic mRNA also produced an adverse and dangerous immune response. Researches started to give up on the technology but Karikó kept insisting that it could work. She endured a fair share of rejection in the scientific community.
At the end, she was right. The breakthrough came when Karikó, a biochemist and Drew Weissman, an immunologist made the key discovery at the University of Pennsylvania. The novel solution was described as the “biological equivalent of swapping out a tire.” In essence, they were able to eliminate the side-effects and opened up doors to the development of various new vaccines and drugs. The results were published in 2005 and they also secured critical patents.
BioNTech was founded in 2008 by Turkish-born Ugur Sahin and his wife, Özlem Türeci in Mainz, Germany. They were among the few scientists who understood the tremendous potential of the Karikó-Weissman discovery and hired Karikó in 2013 to oversee the mRNA research.
The rest is history. Using the new technology the small BioNTech, along with giant Pfizer, have developed the coronavirus vaccine. US based Moderna’s vaccine is also based on the mRNA technology.
There is also an unrelated side story here. Karikó’s daughter is Susan Francia, the US rowing legend who won Olympic gold medals in 2008 in Beijing and in 2012 in London.
Talented family….
Katalin Karikó was born in 1955 in Szolnok, Hungary. She studied biochemistry at the University of Szeged and worked as a researcher at the Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Szeged. In 1985 she continued her research at Temple University, Philadelphia and from 1989 at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2013 she moved to Germany to work for BioNtech. Her husband is Béla Francia.
György Lázár